Browsing by Author "Sallam, MN"

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Effect of farming practices on canegrub incidence : SRDC final report project BSS166
(BSES, 2002) Allsopp, PG; Sallam, MN; Dall, DJ
The impact of farming practices on numbers of Childers canegrubs was determined in southern Queensland by a survey of 441 field-year combinations that related practices to the numbers of second- and third-instar larvae in those fields, and by a field experiment that tested combinations of insecticide application, cultivation practices and crop-residue retention on numbers of larvae and associated entomopathogens. There were significant differences in levels of infestation among years, soil types, crop ages, cultivars grown, insecticide-use strategies, crop-replacement strategies, intensity and frequency of tillage during crop replacement, and irrigation strategies. In the field trial, numbers of third-instar larvae declined as the larvae aged, probably through infection by the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae and the protozoan Adelina sp. Application at planting of the controlled-release insecticide suSCon? Blue had an immediate effect on the number of larvae carried over from the previous crop cycle and this effect continued into the second-ratoon crop. The insecticide application increased cane and sugar yields, particularly in the first-ratoon crop. More intensive preplanting tillage initially reduced numbers of larvae, but the effect did not continue into the ratoon crops. Management of crop residues had no consistent impact on numbers of larvae, but cane yields were higher and sugar content lower in the second-ratoon crop when residues were retained, and led to higher sugar yields where suSCon? Blue had been applied. In general, long breaks between successive sugarcane crops, coupled with intensive tillage in that break and application of controlled-release insecticide, will reduce subsequent populations of larvae. The alternative strategy of herbicide destruction of the previous crop, long fallow with minimum tillage, replanting without controlled-release insecticide and prudent use of transient insecticides in heavily infested ratoon crops will also minimise numbers and may allow better survival of entomopathogens. These strategies are integrated into management practices attractive to growers and have been extended within the Southern GrubPlan format.
Overseas sugarcane quarantine and emergency response planning : SRDC final report BSS280
(BSES, 2005) Sallam, MN
The aim of this trip was for Dr Mohamed Sallam, BSES entomologist, to gain experience in sugarcane biosecurity and to learn about sugarcane pest and disease problems in the United States. In addition Dr Sallam participated in the International Conference on Lepidopterous Cereal Stem and Cob Borers in Africa, Kenya. Dr Sallam promoted Australian sugarcane research work and highlighted the role of BSES/SRDC biosecurity initiatives. Scientists from all parts of the world commended the Australian approach in dealing with exotic threats, and future opportunities for further cooperation with LSU, ICIPE and the South African Sugarcane Research Institute (SASRI) have been created.
Sugarcane-orientated quarantine training program : SRDC final report BSS274
(BSES, 2005) Sallam, MN; Magarey, RC
This project continues the industry's commitment to sugarcane biosecurity, and is a further forward step extending the substantial knowledge developed in previous projects. The project was developed after the completion of BSS249, where the need for a quarantine-based training program involving different quarantine groups was recognised. The aim of this project was to use the knowledge developed in previous projects to improve the industries biosecurity capacity, and to minimize the possibility of an introduction of an exotic cane pest or disease into Australia
Summary of effectiveness of Lambda-cyhalothrin for control of sugarcane stemborers; preparedness for borer incursion
(BSES, 2002) Sallam, MN
Following a search of the literature, lambda-cyhalothrin (Karate 2.5EC) was identified as a potential candidate insecticide for emergency use in Australia following an incursion of a stemborer.Lambda-cyhalothrin is a stomach and contact pyrethroid used to control a wide range of pests. The insecticide (as Karate?) is registered against Sesamia grisescens in Papua New Guinea and Eldana saccharina in South Africa. It is also used against Busseola fusca in Ethiopia, Chilo partellus in Pakistan, and Ostrinia nubilalis in Poland.Lambda-cyhalothrin is an essential management component that fits well within an overall Integrated Pest Management program for stemborer pests. Data on its chemical structure and physiochemical properties are presented in this report.