Pest, disease and weed management
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Research outcomes: A comprehensive RD&E program that addresses existing and emerging pests, diseases and weeds, allowing sugarcane growers to manage their crops efficiently with minimal environmental impacts. An enhanced industry capacity to deal with incursions of exotic pests, diseases and weeds.
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Item Pest risk analysis of sugarcane for the Northern Australia Quarantine Strategy(BSES, 1997) Croft, BJ; Magarey, RCThe purpose of this pest risk analysis (PRA) is firstly to identify quarantine pests and pathogens which pose a threat to sugarcane, which may enter Australia through its northern borders into the area covered by the AQIS Northern Australia Quarantine Strategy (NAQS); and secondly to, identify measures which could be taken by various agencies to reduce the risks of entry or to minimise the impact of such pests should they arrive. The PRA was conducted as outlined in the FAO Standard "Guidelines for Pest Risk Analysis", and is one of a series of PRAs commissioned by NAQS.Item Inspection of Torres Strait Islands for pests and diseases of sugarcane(BSES, 1996) Magarey, RCThis visit between 1-4 July 1996 proved most useful in assessing the pest and disease status of the Torres Strait islands. Significantly there were first records of schlorotic streak, Ramu streak, Sesamia borer, and hybrid Saccharum material in the region. It is imperative that effective sugarcane quarantine occurs in the region to limit the spread of these pests and diseases and the Saccharum material. Ramu streak and Sesamia borer could significantly affect crop production in Australia. On the other hand, the disease status of the hybird material is uncertain. The presence of continental Australian diseases in hybird material poses a significant threat to PNG. In future visits, the disease status of this material should be further investigated.Item Survey of sugarcane in eastern Australia for sugarcane smut : SRDC final report BSS230(BSES, 1999) Croft, BJ; Magarey, RC; Smith, DJObjectives of project are to: conduct specific smut surveys to determine whether sugarcane smut is present in eastern Australia. Through publicity campaigns encourage cane farmers to inspect their farms for smut. Collate all survey results and produce reports at least every year or as required. Educate industry in all aspects of smut as a threat to the eastern Australian industry.Item Sugarcane smut - a contingency plan for the Australian Sugar Industry : SRDC final report BS172S(BSES, 1997) Croft, BJ; Magarey, RCItem A review of yield losses caused by Australian and selected exotic sugarcane diseases : SRDC final report BS1725(BSES, 1996) Magarey, RC; Croft, BJYield loss studies of Australian endemic diseases, and those exotic diseases posing the greatest threat to production in Australia, are reviewed. There is a need for much research particularly in relating disease intensity with yield and in investigating the effect of varietal resistance on this relationship. It is suggested that initial studies begin with yellow spot and rust, and should include sugarcane bacilliform virus and yellow leaf syndrome when techniques for handling these diseases improve. Priorities for further research should be reviewed at the conclusion of the initial yield loss research. The effect of the important exotic disease, smut, has been well researched overseas.Item BS172S Pathogen Risk Analysis to Prioritise Research and Quarantine Needs of the Australian Sugar Industry. A Review of Sugarcane Diseases of Quarantine Risk to the Australian Sugar Industry, 1997(BSES, 1997) Croft, BJ; Magarey, RCThe major diseases of economic importance to sugarcane have been identified and their quarantine risk for Australia has been reviewed. Twelve high to moderate risk quarantinable diseases were identified. Sugarcane smut must be considered the highest risk disease for Australia. It has a history of spread to new countries, is a major disease in all countries where it is present, both tropical and sub-tropical. Smut has recently spread to the island of Sulawesi in Indonesia and Indonesian plans to commence new sugarcane plantations on East Timor and Irian Jaya will increase the risk of smut entering Australia. Other diseases of serious risk are downy mildew, Fiji disease, Ramu stunt, mosaic and leaf scald. The first three are of particular concern because of their presence in Papua New Guinea and because of reported illegal imports of sugarcane cuttings and related species from Papua New Guinea into the Cairns region. Restriction of the movement of these diseases into or within Australia is essential for the continued competitiveness of the Australian sugar industry. All of these diseases should be considered quarantinable for Australia.Item Identification of unknown root pathogens responsible for sugarcane yield decline : SRDC final report BS73S(BSES, 1996) Magarey, RCSugarcane yield decline (YD) is characterised by poor root development ( a lack of fine root growth, root discolouration) and poor root health. Previous YD research implicated the involvement of unrecognised pathogens in the growth constraint. Research in this project attempted to determine the etiology of YD using various approaches. Electron miscroscopy highlighted the poor root surface characteristics in YD-affected roots and showed that soil pasteurisation greatly improved the root surface condition.. Transmission experiments demonstrated that very small quantities of either YD roots or soil extracts could lead to major growth depression and roots similar to YD, even in a non-degraded rainforest soil. Biocide studies showed that some general fungicided (mancozeb, maneb, zineb, benomyl, chlorothalonil, and anilazin) eliminated poor root health associated with YD, and implicated soil fungi in YD. Multiple regression analyses conducted on data from glasshouse experiments with diverse treatments also suggested that soil fungi were intimately involved in YD. Fungal isolates from sugarcane root systems and pathogenicity testing showed that dematiaceous and white sterile fungi could reduce sugarcane root growth and were probably significant contributing factors to YD. Studies into the unfluence of mycorrhizae (VAM) on sugarcane growth were initiated and VAM were shown to be common in sugarcane soils. A comparision was made between apple replant disease and YD and many Similarities observed. Research into other replant diseases should be accessed to assist YD investigations. Further research should seek to develop an assay for dematiaceous fungi and to study the influence of management strategies on these organisms. The effect of VAM on sugarcane growth at high P and the effect of various management strategies on the soil biological community are two important research areas.Item Chlorotic streak disease in Queensland(BSES, 1995) Magarey, RCChlorotic streak is a disease of unknown etiology affecting 30-50,000 ha of caneland in Queensland annually. The disease is present in all canegrowing districts but is of greatest incidence in the Herbert River and Rocky Point mill areas. The disease is favoured by poor drainage and is spread by floodwaters. Yield losses of up to 40% have been recorded with the disease reducing germination, ratooning, stalk number, and stalk weight. It is likely to be reducing industry returns by $2-5m annually. Of concern is the likely increase of the disease with the return to wetter seasons in Queensland and with the increasing practice of re-cycling of irrigation tail waters in the Burdekin district. It is recommended that a varietal resistance screen be conducted to obtain disease ratings on current commercial varieties and that research into the causal agent be undertaken.Item Pachymetra chaunorhiza as a factor involved in stool tipping in North Queensland : SRDC final report BS33S(BSES, 1991) Magarey, RCThe objectives of this project were to determine the soil and environmental factors favouring Pachymetra root rot, and how these contributed to stool tipping in the moderately resistant and susceptible varieties Q117 and Q124.