Pest, disease and weed management
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Research outcomes: A comprehensive RD&E program that addresses existing and emerging pests, diseases and weeds, allowing sugarcane growers to manage their crops efficiently with minimal environmental impacts. An enhanced industry capacity to deal with incursions of exotic pests, diseases and weeds.
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Item Epidemiology studies into sugarcane smut : SRDC final report BSS302(BSES, 2010) Magarey, RCThe objective of this project was to: Optimise industry transition from susceptible to resistant commercial varieties, with minimal losses resulting from direct or in-direct crop effects, thus maximising industry profitability.Item Chlorotic streak disease of sugarcane : SRDC final report BSS243(BSES, 2002) Magarey, RCChlorotic streak is a disease recognised since 1929 and is widespread through the cane growing countries of the world. Despite considerable research, particularly in the 1940-1970 period, the causal agent of the disease is still unknown. The disease is systemic and affects germination and crop yield. It is widespread through Queensland being favoured by high rainfall and/or poor drainage. The worst affected areas are the high rainfall wet tropics and poorly drained areas in other districts. This three-year project was initiated to gain a better understanding of the effects of the disease on yield; to screen commercial varieties for resistance; to research the distribution in parts of the Burdekin River Irrigation Area (BRIA); and to attempt to identify the causal agent. Yield loss trials were planted in the Tully and Herbert districts in 2000. Varieties ranging from resistant to susceptible were included to determine the relationship between resistance and yield loss. Plant crop harvests in 2001 revealed losses of up to 60% when crops planted with stalks showing diseased symptoms were compared with crops established with stalks exhibiting no symptoms. Yield effects therefore can be dramatic with the disease. Even some resistant canes suffered significant losses, suggesting farmers should obtain the cleanest planting material they can to establish new crops. One resistant variety (Q162) suffered negligible losses. Germination was slowed, and reduced overall, by chlorotic streak disease (CSD) with the main effect being on tonnes cane/ha rather than ccs (sugar content was largely unaffected by CSD). There was a significant relationship between varietal resistance and yield (r-squared 0.56) in the Herbert trial suggesting there is a correlation between resistance and yield. Surveys of the Invicta, Pioneer, Kalamia and Inkerman mill areas revealed the presence of a greater level of CSD than known previously. The greatest level of disease was found in Q127 though other varieties were also diseased. There was a link between irrigation water source and the area affected by the disease. Where channel water was used, higher disease levels resulted compared to fields irrigated with bore water. This is not surprising because drainage water from infested fields is known to carry the causal agent and channel water contains some drainage water. Transmission studies using hydroponics were commenced to provide suitable root material for molecular assay research into the causal agent. However, no disease transmission occurred and it is postulated that a soil-borne vector may be needed to aid transmission. PhD studies at the University of Adelaide have focused on light and electron microscopy, and molecular methods of pathogen detection. This project finishes in 2003 but so far no agents have been associated with diseased material.Item Review of the green grassy shoot disease (GGSD) situation in Nghe An Province(BSES, 2008) Magarey, RCGreen grassy shoot disease (GGSD) has been rapidly escalating. Without further research and extension assistance, GGSD has great potential to cripple production in Vietnam. The visit has provided a great deal of new information on GGSD and about the agencies addressing the issue within Vietnam.Item Estimating disease-associated yield losses in breeding selection trials - Endemic diseases; Pachymetra root rot, orange rust and yellow spot(BSES, 2007) Magarey, RCPrevious work has shown that plant improvement stage 3 selection trials can be used to assess the relationship between yield and disease resistance with particular Queensland endemic diseases - principally Pachymetra root rot, yellow spot and orange rust. Results provide a means for fine-tuning the plant improvement program - ensuring that commercial varieties have just the right level of resistance to maximise high yielding ability while minimising disease-associated yield losses.In this study, data from 2003-series stage 3 (FATs) trials in northern and central districts were studied to determine the relationship between resistance and yield for Pachymetra root rot and orange rust. As yellow spot only occurs in the high rainfall areas of northern Queensland, analyses for this disease were restricted to this region only. Brown rust was to be included in the study but the difficulty is assessing disease resistance in FATs, and the lack of disease, made obtaining data to brown rust impossible. Additional data were available for Pachymetra root rot for northern series trials (1995-2004) providing more detailed information for this disease.Item Survey of sugarcane in eastern Australia for sugarcane smut : SRDC final report BSS230(BSES, 2000) Croft, BJ; Magarey, RC; Smith, DJSugarcane smut is a serious disease of sugarcane that can cause yield losses in excess of 30% in susceptible varieties. The disease was found for the first time in Australia on the 21 July 1998 in the Ord River Irrigation Area (ORIA) of Western Australia.An initial rapid survey in eastern Australian sugarcane crops failed to locate smut. Travel by canegrowers to the ORIA and movement of machinery from the ORIA to eastern states prior to the discovery of smut had created opportunities for the disease to enter Queensland and New South Wales. There was also the possibility that the atmospheric conditions that facilitated the incursion into the ORIA, may have carried the disease to the eastern states. The status of sugarcane smut in the eastern states was uncertain at the commencement of the current survey.This report describes the results of a two-year sugarcane smut survey carried out by Cane Protection and Productivity Board (CPPB) and Bureau of Sugar Experiment Stations (BSES) staff in Queensland and New South Wales between the 10 November 1998 and the 17 March 2000.Item Survey of sugarcane in eastern Australia for sugarcane smut : SRDC final report BSS230(BSES, 1999) Croft, BJ; Magarey, RC; Smith, DJObjectives of project are to: conduct specific smut surveys to determine whether sugarcane smut is present in eastern Australia. Through publicity campaigns encourage cane farmers to inspect their farms for smut. Collate all survey results and produce reports at least every year or as required. Educate industry in all aspects of smut as a threat to the eastern Australian industry.