Pest, disease and weed management
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Research outcomes: A comprehensive RD&E program that addresses existing and emerging pests, diseases and weeds, allowing sugarcane growers to manage their crops efficiently with minimal environmental impacts. An enhanced industry capacity to deal with incursions of exotic pests, diseases and weeds.
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Item Methods for accurate identification of canegrubs : SRDC final report BS97S(BSES, 1999) Allsopp, PG; Miller, LJThe objectives of the project were; determine morphological characters for accurate identifica6tion of larvae and adults of all species of canegrubs; validate the usefulness of morphological characters through DNA analysis; produce written and computer-based keys to enable extension staff and growers to accurately identify larvae and adults of canegrubs.Item Assessment of the potential of sex pheromones as strategic lures for the control of canegrubs : SRDC final report BS17S(BSES, 1991) Allsopp, PG; Stickley, BDASex pheromones were shown to be emitted by females of Antitrogus consanguineus, A. parvulus and L. picticollis. Attraction of males of L. picticollis to females of A. consanguineus shows that the compound or compounds involved are similar in those two species. Detection of pheromones was probably related to the morphology of the adult antennae. One compound was present in emissions of adult female L. negatoria, but this compound could not be identified.Item Assessment of aromatic compounds as strategic lures in a canegrub control program : SRDC final report BS34S(BSES, 1991) Allsopp, PGAnethole, n-butyric acid, citral, citronellal, eucalyptus oil, eugenol, geraniol, hexanoic acid, hexan-1-ol, 3-hexen-1-ol, 1-nonanol, pentanoic acid, phenol, sorbic acid and the standard Trece Japanese beetle floral lure (10:22:11, 2-phenylethylpropionate: eugenol: geraniol) were tested as attractants for Anoplognathus porosus, Antitrogus consanguineus, A. parvulus, Dermolepida albohirtum, Lepidiota crinita, L. negatoria, L. noxia, L. picticollis, and Metanastes vulgivagus. None were effective attractants. The apparent activity of sorbic acid would justify testing butyl sorbate as an attractant.Item Report to the Government of Ceylon on the diseases of sugar cane in Ceylon(BSES, 1961) Egan, BTThree commercially important diseases of sugar cane were noted during a survey of sugar cane plantings in Ceylon. Several potentially dangerous diseases were seen, while other diseases of minor importance were also present. Recommendations have been made for the control of all important diseases present, and on quarantine procedure to be followed to prevent the entrance of others.Item Managing the plant protection aspects of the canelands rural/urban interface(BSES, 1997) Hallett, SG; Harden, J; Cunningham, GAustralia is a highly urbanised country with an ever-increasing urban population. As the cities expand, they continue to encroach upon areas of rural land use. The result is a constantly moving interface between urban and rural land uses within which hazards may exist, and conflicts may arise. One particular source of hazard and conflict is the use, by rural industries, of pesticides for crop protection. Pesticide use by Australia’s rural industries is an extremely emotive issue, and the public’s perceptions are, in general, strongly negative. These perceptions are often fuelled by misinformation and exaggeration by the popular press, but irrespective of the cause, they promote mistrust and conflict between rural and urban land users in the rural/urban interface. It is important to provide an easily accessible resource which will provide accurate information to all members of the rural/urban interface so that the pesticide hazards can be accurately decribed and reduced and then conflicts can be resolved. The assessment of pesticide hazards is too complex for the lay person since there are so many interacting factors which may increase or reduce risk. Using a sufficiently complex computer model, it will be possible to allow relatively unskilled personnel to assess pesticide hazards for any given scenario. The various factors contributing to pesticide hazard are as follows:- i) The pesticide used - particularly toxicity, and formulation. ii) The method of application - including the equipment, the nozzles used, and the release height. iii) The weather conditions - particularly wind speed, wind direction, temperature, relative humidity, and rain fall. iv) The proximity and density of the human population - including presence of schools, hospitals, and other community centres. v) The presence of barriers to drift of pesticide droplets - including shadehouses and vegetative buffer zones. vi) The site characteristics - including the soil type, the slope and the depth of the water table. Hazard Score is a computer-based decision-support system designed to assess pesticide hazards in the rural/urban interface. It is a user-friendly package written in Microsoft “Access”. It consists of three main components:- i) the Hazard Score programme, ii) the Hazard Score manual, and iii) a database of relevant plant protection literature. The three components are inter-linked, such that the user, performing specific calculations can refer to both general and detailed information on the subject and find relevant supporting literature.Item Epidemiology and control of sugarcane mosaic virus in the Isis district : SRC final report UQ3S(BSES, 1992) Teakle, DS; Taylor, PWJ; Allsopp, PGObjectives:Item Varietal control of ratoon stunting disease (RSD) of sugarcane(BSES, 1990)Ratoon stunting disease, caused by the xylem-limited bacterium Clavibacter xyli subsp. xyli, is prevalent in most sugarcane-producing countries, including Australia. It is regarded as the most damaging disease of sugarcane and under unfavourable conditions, principally drought stress, yield of intolerant cultivars may be reduced by 50%. Control of RSD has been hindered by the fact that it produces no obvious symptoms. Recommended control measures of heat therapy and farm hygiene have failed to adequately control the disease and it remains present at high levels in a number of countries where such control has been attempted for many years. Genetic variation for RSD susceptibility has been recognised since discovery of the disease in 1950 and work towards genetic control of RSD ,•/as begun at Macknace with CSR funding in 1986. When SRDC funding for the work was sought in January, 1988, the stated Objectives were:- 1. To develop pot-testing procedures to reliably and economically rate varieties for RSD resistance. 2. To rate existing commercial varieties for RSD resistance so that growers may manage them more effectively. 3. To select varieties with improved RSD resistance from existing seedling populations. 4. To eventually breed specifically for improved RSD resistance.Item Rhopaea Canegrub - Assessment of Pest Status and an RD&E program for improved Management in the Tweed Valley(BSES, 1996) Allsopp, PGI visited the Tweed Valley area to assess the pest status of rhopaea canegrub, diagnose reasons for grower dissatisfaction with present control options, and, with affected growers and technical staff to develop a research, development and extension program aimed at improving management strategies for minimising the impact of these canegrubs.My main findings wereRhopaea canegrub is an economic pest of sugarcane in the Tweed area, mainly on the peat soils, and causes important losses to some of the otherwise most productive growers.The year 1-year life cycle, poor dispersal by adult females, presence of larvae high in the soil profile, and the acidic, organic and friable soils all influence control options and the efficacy of these options.suSCon Blue is giving inadequate control. The insecticide is being placed too deep to contact grubs and the low grub populations in the first two years followling replanting means that the effect of much of the active ingredient is wasted.Knockdown insecticides have a limited potential because of the grub's one year life cycle and because crops are not irrigated.Cultural controls, such as rolling, plough-out and fallowing, and use of tolerant varieties have considerable potential for use as management tools.Green-cane trash-blanketing or trash incorporation may change the farming system in the medium-term future and their effects on rhopaea canegrubs are unkown.There is a core group of growers who are very aware of the problem and who are very enthusiastic about testing alternative and integrated management options.A RD&E plan, which incorporates all of the above options, was developed in conjunction with growers and extension officers. This program should be developed for funding from SRDC and insectide companies and would provide a good project for a postgraduate student. The key components of this program areItem Report by the consultant phytopathologist on the mission to investigate the Fiji disease situation in Madagascar(BSES, 1991) Egan, BTPresents findings, conclusion and recommendations of the mission to investigate the Fiji disease situation in Madagascar.Item Pest risk analysis of sugarcane for the Northern Australia Quarantine Strategy - Quarantine insects(BSES, 1998) FitzGibbon, F; Allsopp, PG; De Barro, PJThe purpose of this pest risk analysis (PRA) is, firstly to identify quarantine pests and pathogens which pose a threat to sugarcane, which may enter Australia through its northern borders into the area covered by AQIS Northern Australia Quarantine Strategy (NAQS), and secondly, to identify measures which could be taken by various agencies to reduce the risks of entry or to minimise the impact of such pests should they arrive. The PRA was conducted as outlined in the FAO Standard Guidelines for Pest Risk Analysis (FAO 1996) and is one of a series of PRAs commissioned by NAWS. The other host plants covered in this series are banana, citrus, mango, cotton, grape, grain, sorghum, cucurbits, maize, pasture legumes\grasslands, eucalyptus, conifers, Acacias and palms (including coconuts).