Pest, disease and weed management
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://elibrary2.sugarresearch.com.au/handle/11079/13843
Research outcomes: A comprehensive RD&E program that addresses existing and emerging pests, diseases and weeds, allowing sugarcane growers to manage their crops efficiently with minimal environmental impacts. An enhanced industry capacity to deal with incursions of exotic pests, diseases and weeds.
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Item The management of rodents in North Queensland canefields(BSES, 1993) Wilson, J; Whisson, DRodent damage to sugarcane has been of concern to the Australian sugar industry since the 1930's. In more recent times, annual surveys have indicated that damage by rodents occurs over approximately 50% (150 000 ha) of sugar producing areas resulting in annual losses of between two and four million dollars. A further $0.6 million is expended on annual baiting programs. Rodents are therefore the second most important pest of the Australian sugar industry, the most important pest being the cane grub (Bureau of Sugar Experiment Stations Annual Reports 1984 - 1989).Item Herbicide efficacy screen North Queensland 1986 season(BSES, 1987) Williams, RCIn 1984 a wide range of herbicide treatments were evaluated against a number of weed species. Results demonstrated the weakness and strengths of various products, and the optimum timing of application. To further improve the knowledge of currently registered herbicides and of those which may have some potential for use in cane, another series of trials were laid down in 1986.Item Survey of sugarcane in eastern Australia for sugarcane smut : SRDC final report BSS230(BSES, 1999) Croft, BJ; Magarey, RC; Smith, DJObjectives of project are to: conduct specific smut surveys to determine whether sugarcane smut is present in eastern Australia. Through publicity campaigns encourage cane farmers to inspect their farms for smut. Collate all survey results and produce reports at least every year or as required. Educate industry in all aspects of smut as a threat to the eastern Australian industry.Item The role of Pythium species in yield decline in Southern cane growing districts : SRDC final report BS80S(BSES, 1998) Pegg, G; Croft, BJ; Irwin, JAGYield decline has been demonstrated in all established canegrowing regions of Queensland. Field and glasshouse studies with soil fumigants have shown that yield decline is largely caused by soilborne biological factors. Some evidence suggests that these factors are specific to sugarcane. Yield increases of 30-40% in field experiments with methyl bromide have been obtained in all canegrowing regions. If only 10% of this response could be obtained by partial control of deleterious soilborne microorganisms, returns to the Queensland sugar industry would be increased by more than $30m annually. Pythium species have been responsible for significant yield loss of sugarcane in Louisiana. Limited examinations of soils from the southern canegrowing districts of Queensland has shown that highly pathogenic Pythium species are present. These fungi cause severe damage to cane roots under cold, wet conditions and may be involved in poor ratooning under trash blankets in southern districts. While these fungi may cause large yield losses in central and southern canegrowing regions, their distribution and severity and the need for controls have not been adequately defined. This report briefly outlines the results of a survey of southern Australian canegrowing districts for Pythium species and glasshouse and field experiments to determine the yield losses which can be attributed to Pythium species. Detailed experimental methods and results can be found in the Master's Thesis by G Pegg entitled "The role of Pythium species in yield decline in southern sugarcane growing districts of Australia" which was the result of research conducted in this project.Item Studies on the biology of negatoria and childers Canegrubs as a basis for development of improved controls : SRDC final report BS77S(BSES, 1998) Logan, DP; Allsopp, PG; Zalucki, MPThe biology of the two most important species of canegrubs affecting sugarcane in southern Queensland. Childers canegrub (Antirogus parvulus Britton) and negatoria canegrub (Lepidiota negatoria Blackburn) was studied during a 5-year period. Rearing methods were developed and the phenology of each species was determined. Data were collected on development, mortality and reproduction in laboratory and field trials; these data were summarised as a computer model for each species. Various management scenarios were simulated using the computer models. Short crop-length (3-4 years) and consistent application of control measures (insecticide and plough-out) could drive populations of canegrubs to extinction after 5-8 generations. Further field data are needed to validate many of the results of the model.Item Development of a fungicide spray schedule to determine the effect of sugarcane rust (Puccinia melanocephala) on yield(BSES, 1984) Taylor, PWJ; Croft, BJ; Ryan, CCThis study reports on work carried out to develop a fungicide spray program which is suitable for yield loss assessment investigations. Aspects examined include the efficacy of various concentrations of chlorothalonil and oxycarboxin on rust, the frequency of application of one concentration of chlorothalonil or oxycarboxin on level of infection, and arrangement of spray nozzles to give good coverage of fungicides.Item Development of a biological control against sugarcane poor root syndrome(BSES, 1987) Birch, RGThe overall objective of the project was to search for and develop an economically effective biocontrol against sugarcane poor root syndrome (PRS). The disease was known to be caused by two pathogenic fungi: Pythium graminicola and an unnamed oomycete causing flaccid root rot. The seriousness of this newly recognised disease, and the dearth of economic controls warranted the effort necessary for such a search.Item Population dynamics of Inopus rubriceps in sugarcane fields with emphasis on bionomic factors assisting pest management (Final report SRDC Project BS11S)(BSES, 1991) Samson, PRRestrictions were placed on the use of dieldrin in 1987 and its registration for use in the sugar industry lapsed in mid-1991. As no other insecticide is presently available to replace dieldrin, there is an urgent need to develop alternative control strategies. Robertson (1984). PhD thesis. UQ identified organisms predatory and parasitic on the pupal stages of soldier fly as exerting significant population control. A detailed study of the effect of biological control agents and cultural conditions may enable an effective pest management program to be developed for soldier fly.Item The production and evaluation of gene probes for diagnosis of sugarcane mosaic virus and Fiji disease virus (Final report SRDC Project BS10S)(BSES, 1991) Smith, GR; Leonard, GJSpecific and sensitive cDNA probes have been developed for detection of both FDV and SCMV in diseased sugarcane plants. Results from glasshouse evaluation indicate that FDV probes are not sensitive enough to be used for the detection of the virus in asymptomatic diseased plants. Results are not yet available from the SCMV probe glasshouse trial.