Varieties, plant breeding and release
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Research outcomes: Comprehensive and efficient variety breeding, selection and release programs responding to yield expectations, environmental constraints, resource scarcity and regional preferences. Faster varietal adoption using advanced methods for bulking, distribution and planting.
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Item Alternative selection strategies for the Burdekin sugarcane improvement program : SRDC final report BS4S(1994) McRae, TA; Hogarth, DMItem The production of transgenic sugarcane plants : SRDC final report BS44S(1994) Smith, GRTransgenic sugarcane plants, which expressed the coat protein of SCMV at a very low level, were produced by micoprojectile bombardment of sugarcane meristems. Transgenic plants expressing the luciferase (Luc) and B-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter genes were also produced. A paper describing regeneration of plantlets expressing the reporter gene GUS (Plant Cell Reports 12:343-346) was the first report of the use of sugar meristem tissues as a transformation target, and the second report of transgenic sugarcane plants. The level of expression of the coat protein gene in the regenerated plantlets was very low, possibly due to chimaerism, ie. mixtures of transformed and non-transformed cells in the same tissues. We have established that sugarcane meristems are a useful target for microprojectile transformation of sugarcane, although more research is necessary before this target can be routinely used for sugarcane genetic engineering.Item Biomass accumulation in sugarcane : final report 79/9028(1984) Kingston, G; Ham, GJ; Ridge, DR; Leverington, KCGrowth analysis experiments were conducted at Ayr and Bundaberg from 1979 to 1982 to study biomass accumulation in plant and ratoon crops of sugarcane. Crops were planted and ratooned in March, June, September and December, and harvested at 6, 9, 12 and 15 months of age. Data were acquired for yields of total fresh and dry matter, in addition to yields of the following vegetative components: dry leaf, green leaf, tops and stalks. Fibre analyses were determined on all components, while glucose, fructose and sucrose % were also determined in the latter three components. It was shown that yield of total dry matter increased with age at harvest for all months of crop initiation. Potential for dry matter accumulation was closely associated with intercepted solar radiation. Growth for three months was ranked December-March > March-June > September-December > June-September. These rankings represented the interaction of crop growth stage with solar radition. The proportion of total dry matter allocated to soluble and structural carbohydrate was shown to be dependent on variety as well as an interaction between age at harvest and month of harvest. Canes older than nine months of age, harvested between June and December, had established a plateau type equilibrium between the proportion of total dry matter in soluble and structural carbohydrate. Good prospects existed for forward extension of the crushing season to March for ethanol production based on 15 month old cane. Models were developed to describe the growth of yield components of the biomass in relation to intercepted solar radition, month of crop initiation, age at harvest and crop class.Item Selection of superior crosses of sugarcane : SRDC final report BS6S(1991) Bull, JK; Hogarth, DMThe impact of GxE interaction on the response to three methods of selection was assessed over three locations and three crop-years. The three selection methods considered were two previously used procedures, mass (individual) selection using a visual appraisal of clonal performance and family selection using selection rate, and a new procedure, family selection using a grade based on weighed family plots. Within the two forms of family selection, light mass selection based on a visual appraisal of clonal performance was used to reject the poorest clones. The gains from selection, calculated as the deviation in performance of the select groups from the performance of a group of randomly chosen clones, were assessed for each of these three methods.Item Regeneration of sugarcane plants from protoplasts(1991) Taylor, PWJThis study aimed to develop a protoplast regeneration system for sugarcane so that gene transfer techniques could be applied for cultivar improvement. Published techniques for embryogenic callus culture, cell suspension culture, protoplast culture and plant regeneration in sugarcane were developed and tested using only a few cultivars. These techniques were further developed, evaluated and adapted for application to a range of commercial sugarcane cultivars.Item Regeneration of sugarcane plants from protoplasts and application of genetic transformation systems to sugarcane(1986) Taylor, PWJCurrent gene transfer systems developed for modifying plants include direct gene transfer to protoplasts and Agrobacterium mediated gene transfer. These studies have important practical implications for application of genetic engineering technology to crop improvement, initially in sugarcane, and subsequently in other graminaceous crops for which sugarcane may serve as a model.Item Development of techniques to study root systems of sugarcane : SRDC final report BS56S(1993) Reghenzani, JRThe aim of this project, to develop quantitative, cost-effective techniques for assessing the size and extensiveness of root systems in sugarcane, has been achieved. The equipment purchased and subsequently modified, and the techniques developed, have vastly improved the capacity to study root systems of sugarcane. Modifications were made to substantially improve the operation of the hydropneumatic elutriation system imported from USA. Optimal settings of the image analysis system imported from the UK were determined for root length measurement (monochrome) and root colour (colour image processing). Macro files were written to speed the operation of the latter.