Completed projects and reports

Permanent URI for this communityhttp://elibrary2.sugarresearch.com.au/handle/11079/13840

Sugar Research Australia, Sugar Research Development Corporation and BSES reports from completed research projects and papers.

Browse

Filters

20162

Advanced Search

Filter by

Settings

Has files: YesSubject: search.filters.subject.ASSCT

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Effects of pachymetra root rot and nematodes on some elite sugarcane clones in Australia
    (ASSCT, 2016) Bhuiyan, SA; Croft, BJ; Wong, E; Ogden-Brown, J; Turner, M; Parfitt, R; Magarey, RC; Bull, J; Cox, MC
    PACHYMETRA ROOT ROT and nematodes are the two most important soil-borne pathogens of sugarcane in Australia. An experiment was established in Yandaran, Queensland in grey forest soil with high Pachymetra spore counts (>100 000 spores/kg). Fifteen elite varieties and one advanced clone, from pachymetra root rot susceptible, intermediate and resistant categories, were planted in the experiment. The experiment was maintained until the second ratoon crop and Pachymetra and nematode populations were assessed in each crop. In addition, the incidence of smut was recorded before harvesting. Cane yield (TCH), commercial cane sugar (CCS) and sugar yield (TSH) were also measured in each crop. Pachymetra spore counts remained significantly lower in resistant varieties compared to susceptible and intermediate varieties until the second ratoon. In intermediate and susceptible varieties Pachymetra spore counts increased substantially, in particular, in second ratoon. In intermediate varieties such as Q232A and Q208A Pachymetra spore counts increased more than three times from plant crop to second ratoon. Numbers of nematodes, in particular root-lesion nematode, more than doubled in the second ratoon crop compared to the plant and first ratoon crops. Only Q248A had significant levels of smut, with 25% and 30% infected plants in the first and second ratoon crops, respectively. Yield reduction was substantial in the second ratoon compared to the plant and first-ratoon crop. Sugar yield decreased by 45% in the second ratoon compared to the first ratoon. Mostly, poor or negative correlations were observed between both Pachymetra spore counts and nematode numbers and yield.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    The fast fluorescence kinetics; a sensitive tool for early detection of water stress in sugarcane : ASSCT peer reviewed paper
    (ASSCT, 2016) Olsen, DJ; Shafei, R; Botha, FC
    Water stress is a major constraint for sugarcane production in many regions of the world, including Australia. Sensitive and non-destructive early measurement of the crop response to water stress would be of great value for producers, advisors, and researchers. Chlorophyll-a (Chla) fluorescence is well established as a tool for measurement of photosynthetic efficiency. Changes in the kinetics of Chla fluorescence can provide valuable insight into the structure and function of the photosynthetic apparatus and chloroplast membrane integrity. The parameter Fv/Fm is often used to describe the effect of stress on the quantum yield of photosystem two (PSII). In this study the polyphasic OJIP fluorescence transient was used to evaluate the response of the sugarcane photosynthetic electron transport system. Chlorophyll fluorescence was measured on three leaves in the canopy of KQ228A over a five-day water stress period, and the response analysed using the OJIP-test. The results show that several of the parameters that can be derived from the OJIP test are more sensitive and a better reflection of water stress than the Fv/Fm ratio. Evidently PSII is much more sensitive to water stress than photosystem one (PSI). In late stages of stress there are signs of a loss in membrane integrity and a disruption of water splitting in PSII.