Completed projects and reports

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Sugar Research Australia, Sugar Research Development Corporation and BSES reports from completed research projects and papers.

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Has files: YesSubject: search.filters.subject.Transgenic sugarcane plants

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    High efficiency production of transgenic sugarcane plants
    (1994) Bower, R; University of Queensland
    The efficiency of gene transfer into embryogenic callus of sugarcane has been increased tenfold by optimisation of particle bombardment conditions, and there is a corresponding increase in stable transformation frequencies. The method routinely yields approximately 2 independent transgenic plants per cm2 of bombarded embryogenic callus for sugarcane varieties anlenable to tissue culture. Genes coprecipitated on separate plasmids are cotransformed at high efficiency, which will facilitate introduction of agronomic genes. Materials needed for recovery of transgenic plants can be halved through improved selection protocols, allowing the recovery of hundreds of independent transformed plant lines. The improved method is now in use in BSES and CSIRO as well as UQ laboratories Since the completion of this project, the transformation system has been shown to be effective on a range of major commercial varieties, and over 70 lines from seven cultivars are currently in field trials.
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    Transformation of sugarcane using Agrobacterium tumefaciens : final report on CTA027
    (2000) Grof, C; Elliott, A
    A method for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of sugarcane tissues has been developed in this project. This method offers an alternative technique for the introduction of transgenes into sugarcane. In general, Agrobacterium is viewed as the method of choice for the range of plant species where both Agrobacterium and microprojectile-mediated techniques have been applied successfully. A number of transgenic sugarcane plants have been produced in this project using different Agrobacterium vectors, different selection stnitegies, different techniques and the protocol has been published in an international journal. The applicability of the technique to sugarcane cvs Q117, NCo-310, QI24 and QI55 has also been demonstrated. Many experiments were performed to optimise the Agrobacterium transformation methodology for sugarcane with parameters having a significant effect on transformation efficiency being identified. A selection system based on herbicide resistance was implemented to select for the growth of transgenic cells. The GFP system was further developed and facilitated the rapid production of transgenic cell lines and the scoring of transformation experiments. Collaborative work with the BSES has led to the development of new techniques and opportunities, which should result in a very useful industry outcome. Although the development of an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation technique for sugarcane is described here, the real value of the technique will not be realized until the integration patterns, level of gene expression and level of somaclonal variation are determined in the transgenic plants produced.
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    Field performance of transgenic sugarcane plants carrying genes for resistance to SCMV : final report BSS154
    (2000) Smith, GR; Taylor, GO; Harding, RM; Stringer, JK; Cox, MC; Yoyce, PA
    The field resistance of transgenic sugarcane plants to sugarcane mosaic potyvirus was successfully demonstrated, and a number of transgenic lines are available for consideration for agronomic evaluation. Some of the transgenic lines yielded significantly more tonnes sugar per hectare in this trial, but a firm conclusion about the overall performance of the transgenic lines compared to the parental clone can not be concluded due to the limitations of this trial. These plants contain the coat protein gene of sugarcane mosaic virus and prove that pathogen-derived resistance can be engineered into a genetically complex monocot. The precise molecular basis of the resistance appears to be RNA mediated. More research is necessary to prove this as a number of the resistant lines do not exhibit the usual RNA profiles of transgenic plants from other species which are virus resistant. A second pathogen-derived resistance gene, based on the virus replicase gene, is also capable of conferring virus resistance in sugarcane.Analysis of sugar and syrup produced from transgenic cane has revealed that no genes, native or transgenic, survive the laboratory production process. There is every confidence that this result would also be found with mill produced sugar, when the opportunity to mill transgenic sugarcane eventuates. There is now good scientific evidence to contribute to the debate that sugar manufactured from transgenic sugarcane plants is indistinguishable or substantially equivalent to sugar produced from non-transgenic plants.
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    Canegrub resistant plants containing antimetabolic compounds : SRDC final report BSS163
    (BSES, 2000) Smith, GR; Nutt, KA; Allsopp, PG
    Transgenic sugarcane plants engineered to express either the potato proteinase inhibitor II or the snowdrop lectin gene show increased antibiosis to larvae of Antitrogus consanguineus in pot-based glasshouse trials.Canegrubs feeding on the transgenic line UP87, transformed with the potato gene, gained as little as 4.2% of the weight of canegrubs fed on untransformed control plants. Similarly, larvae feeding on the roots of transgenic line G87, transformed with the snowdrop gene, gained only 20.6% of the weight of grubs feeding on the non-transgenic control plants. Overall, 22% of the tested transgenic plant lines engineered with either the potato or the snowdrop constructs resulted in a statistically significant reduction in gain of weight by canegrubs feeding on roots. Weight gains of insects were compared to those of larvae feeding on the roots of either non-transgenic control plants, or non-transgenic plants regenerated after passage through the tissue culture system.Plants transformed with a proteinase inhibitor from an ornamental tobacco showed no statistical effect on the weight gain of the grubs. This result was unexpected, as the proteinase inhibitor from tobacco was predicted to be as effective as the PI from potato. Further analysis of the gene construct by sequencing established that the gene construct was faulty in contrast to the original restriction analysis that had indicated that the plasmid was correctly constructed. Protein could not be produced by the faulty construct, and this is reflected in the negligible effect on weight gain of the grubs. The plasmid was re-constructed and transformed into sugarcane. Plants containing this construct are being grown for testing.Having now established that canegrub resistance can be engineered into sugarcane, the next phase is to test the efficacy of these transgenes against other species of canegrub larvae and to further develop a commercial product.