Completed projects and reports
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Sugar Research Australia, Sugar Research Development Corporation and BSES reports from completed research projects and papers.
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Item Implementation of controlled traffic farming of sugarcane in the Herbert River district : SRDC Grower Group Innovation Project Final report GGP003(SRDC, 2007) Morris, EThe Pinnacle Precision Farming (PPF) Group was formed with the goal of implementing and benefiting from the principals of controlled traffic farming using techniques being used by the Sugar Yield Decline Joint Venture Team on a trial and demonstration plot located on the farm operated by Ed Morris located in Toobanna. However we could not envisage a Double Disc Opener Planter (DDOP) being viable unless it was able to successfully plant cane billets instead of using whole cane stalk planters as used by the SYDJV Team.Item Implementation of improved sugarcane farming systems in the Clare area, Burdekin District, North Queensland : SRDC Grower Group Innovation Project Final report(2007) Hatch, PThe MIG was interested to quantify the benefits of moving from their current 1.52m row configuration to a row configuration that better matches tractors, harvesters and haulage equipment using GPS technology. As a result of conducting this project, the MIG has confidence that preformed beds will improve their long term sustainability and profitability by reducing input costs compared to the current system, at least for the plant crop. In particular, significant opportunities to reduce: •land preparation costs, from $265/ha in the conventional practice down to $131/ha, •general growing costs, from $209/ha down to $108/ha, and •irrigation costs, from $394/ha down to approximately $305/ha, appear to exist. In total, differences of at least $300/ha saving can be made by moving from the conventional system to the preformed mound system (see Appendix 1 for more detail). As a result, all members of MIG have moved over to planting into preformed beds; however some members of MIG prefer 1.52m singles over duals on 2.0m centres. The group recognises that during the course of the project, several errors were made with the trial design; in particular there was no planting of the 1.52m conventional practice with the mound planted systems, no replication of treatments, and fertiliser rates were not the same in each treatment. This has been a great learning experience for the group, which is now better placed to conduct future on-farm research.Item Researching soil health and economics of two farming systems in the Herbert River district : SRDC Grower Group Innovation Project final report(2009) Waring, MThe New Farming Initiative Group (NFIG) consists of six members and has approximately 600ha of sugarcane farming land in the Herbert region. Comparison of soil health of the two farming systems is the primary objective. This project will increase the uptake of several best management practices which are considered to reduce the loss of sediment, chemicals and nutrients from cane lands as well as significantly improve soil fertility due to a healthier soil in terms of its physical, chemical and biological components. The primary aim of the New Farming Initiative Group includes: • Comparison of soil health of the two farming systems. These soil tests have not previously been undertaken in the Herbert and will provide a benchmark of current soil health. The test includes physical, biological and chemical components: • Demonstrate the economics of two farming systems (regional standard and 1.9m dual row/break crop fallow) • Development of group skills through shared knowledge, utilizing the expertise of consultants, building organisation skills and through first hand participation. The trial site consists of three replications, two treatments and one variety. The trial was marked out with GPS to include 9 rows of pre-formed mounds at 1.9m and 11 rows of conventional at 1.55m spacing. The key outcome of this project was the similar average gross margins for the conventional and new farming system treatments. Potentially higher future input costs will favour the new farming system economically, with greater average gross margins expected compared to a conventional farming system. The new farming system produced an average 0.5 unit CCS less sugar than conventional farming. The cause of this statistically significant difference is unclear and warrants further investigation. Essentially, no significant difference was observed in soil health parameters (biological, physical and chemical) between treatments over the 14 month testing interval. Of interest, the new farming system displayed positive trends of increasing pH, increasing organic carbon and higher cation exchange capacity. The project had a relatively short testing interval and longer term soil testing would likely create more meaningful soil health results. Continued soil heath testing and economic analysis is needed to achieve the full benefit from this project. It would be inappropriate to draw any firm conclusions on the comparison of these two farming systems from this study of only two years.Item Development of a precision mill mud applicator for a new farming system : SRDC Grower Group Innovation Project final report(2008) Atkinson, JThis aim was to construct an innovative mill mud spreader capable of accurately applying mill mud in a narrow band between 2m dual rows. The group postulated that applying mill mud in a band would increase the area that a load of mill mud would treat thereby making mill mud amendment cheaper per hectare in comparison to a broadcast application. Another way to explain this is that a load of mill mud applied on a band at 50 tonnes/ha would treat three times the area of a load of mill mud broadcast at 150 tonnes/ha. This was tested theoretically with a desk-top economic analysis and practically with a large scale replicated trial. An economic analysis tool was constructed in Microsoft Excel by Trish Cameron from FutureCane (QDPI & F). The tool showed that if 50 tonnes/ha is applied in a band rather than 150 tonnes/ha broadcast there is a saving of $6.63/tonne of mill mud spread (provided the yield of the two practises is the same). The subsequent replicated trial showed that this was the case in the plant crop, with no significant difference in cane or sugar yield between the two practices. The yield will be recorded in next few seasons to ascertain if there is a difference in subsequent ratoons. The project suggests that current practices of applying mill mud are wasteful, time consuming and expensive. Additionally the truck used to spread the mill mud rarely fits in with a controlled traffic system. By applying mud in a band with machinery that fits in with a controlled traffic system significant savings can be made. It could also be argued that applying mill mud between dual rows on a 2 metre bed system has potential to reduce the amount of off-farm nutrient loss although this was not tested in this project.Item Bed forming utilising GPS guidance by the CAS (Calen and St Helen) Young Farmers Association : SRDC Grower Group Innovation Project final report(2008) Gordon, G; Mackenzie, CThis project aimed to enhance controlled traffic farming with GPS guidance in undulating conditions in the Calen and St Helen district of Mackay. The project focused on the use of preformed beds, as well as investigating different planting techniques (eg dual row and wide shute on preformed beds). The group also wanted to investigate the potential for a contracting facility to bed form under guidance. Key results from the project include: - Controlled traffic systems were enhanced through the use of GPS. Without GPS we had issues with maintaining even row spacings along the contours and side slopes, and holding a billet planter in position on slopes. Through the use of GPS, and the Alexander (flat top) bed former, we were able to overcome these issues. - We found that the flat top bed shape formed with the Alexander bed former was the most suitable for our region. While the trial results indicated there was no yield, NIR or financial difference between the flat top, round top bed and conventional planting, we found the flat top beds were much easier to manage in our undulating farming conditions as the tractor/planter can more easily stay on the wheel ruts and not stray from the desired position. With the flat top bed former we found we could mark out with a GPS tractor and then conduct other paddock operations without the GPS because the bed shapes kept the tractor and implement in the GPS wheel tracks. o The flat top beds provided the best wheel track for our planting equipment, as this profile seemed to form a “railway like track centre”, making it very easy to keep the planter in the correct position without the need for GPS guidance. The round beds seem to have a wider wheel space and we experienced some movement and uneven row spacing, however this could be eliminated with the use of guidance equipment on the planting gear (which we don’t have). -Different planting techniques on preformed beds had very similar yields. The dual rows on preformed beds performed the worst with a yield of 103.7 t/ha, compared to singles on beds and conventional planting with 108.63 and 107.81 t/ha respectively. o Based on the gross return per hectare, the single wide shute treatments planted on preformed beds performed the best with a return of $2,582.78 per hectare. However the conventional treatment was very close with a return of $2,539.34 per hectare. The dual rows had a return of $2,464.90 per hectare. Across the treatments there was only a difference of $117.88/ha. - A FEAT analysis conducted by a DPI economist showed that the group’s cur rent farming system (controlled traffic and tilled system) resulted in a Farm Operating Return of $20, 070 and a Return on Investment of 1.44%. While the improved farming system which involves controlled traffic, preformed beds, soybean fallow and reduced tillage resulted in a Farm Operating Return of $54, 947 and a Return on Investment of 3.94%. - There was very little difference in yield and NIR data between the conventional planting method, and the two different bed shapes. The CASH preformed beds, which have a flat shape, had the highest yield with 98.97 t/ha, however it also had the lowest PRS. Tonnes of sugar per hectare across the treatments were almost identical and as a result the Gross Return per hectare only had a difference of $29 between the treatments. o While there was no major difference in gross return between the treatments, we noticed that the flat bed shape was much easier to form, plant and harvest, compared to the round shape. F:\New folder\SRDC\SRDC USB\MRD\Projects - GGIP\Archive\GGP021\Final Report\100426 GGP021_final_report - final.doc - Preliminary results indicate that the flat top bed system has much greater water infiltration and plant extraction than the other systems. However more detailed, long term work needs to be conducted before final conclusions can be drawn. -In 2007 approximately 160 acres outside of the group members farms was contract bed formed, and an additional 100 acres was contract bed formed in 2008. The equipment will continue to be available for hire into the future. - The group members have determined that in this area, preformed beds are essential for a successful legume fallow. All group members will use the bed former prior to planting soybean.Item Enhancing an economic way of doing business in the cane industry : SRDC final report DPI015(2008) Poggio, MJEconomics is often viewed by farmers as complex and time consuming. Economic work in the Australian sugar cane industry had been undertaken in the past but the large majority of this work was not targeted towards growers and was unsuitable for extension purposes. The emphasis over many years has been on farm viability through increased production with little emphasis and support to growers on analysing whole of farm profitability. The sugar industry is currently going through a period of volatile sugar prices, rapidly rising input costs and adjustment to deregulation. The need to focus on farm profitability through the use of economic tools and grower education is critical in maintaining a sustainable sugar cane industry. To remain viable, growers must now concentrate on reducing on-farm costs as well as increasing cane production. The recent introduction of derivative cane pricing mechanisms to growers is another example of the importance in understanding production costs and business profitability over time. This project aimed at assisting growers to analyse their production costs and identify opportunities to improve profitability through the implementation of sustainable farming systems. Quantifying the economic benefits of farming system changes is instrumental to speeding up grower adoption rate. Providing economic information in an easy to understand format and participatory involvement from growers to develop real life case studies was an important component of this project. Training on economics was also delivered through several forms of media to build on the current knowledge base in the industry and support more informed decision making skills. An Agricultural Economist was appointed on the 17th of October 2005 to service the Herbert and Burdekin regions. Five grower groups were approached in the Herbert and Burdekin regions to participate in the project. A baseline survey of the grower participants identified the current knowledge gaps, potential training needs and economic topics of interest. Each grower group provided a base for the collection of data on specific economic topics and provided feedback on the presentation of the results.